We tend to think that intelligent people are confident—why wouldn't they be, when they're so smart? But research suggests that might not be the case. In a landmark 1999 studyfrom Cornell University, scientists found that incompetent people couldn't recognize their own incompetence, which led to inflated self-assessments. This has become known as the Dunning-Kruger effect. "For poor performers to recognize their ineptitude would require them to possess the very expertise they lack," study author David Dunning, PhD, recently wrote in the Pacific Standard.
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