Insulin is an anabolic steroid, according to Dr. Merino, who says, in the end, it essentially causes muscle loss and more fat creation. Taking insulin causes various chemical reactions in the body to help absorb glucose and manage blood sugar. Weight gain is a normal side effect, Healthline reports. The body converts the extra or unused glucose from insulin and stores it as fat—with the belly as a central storage location, Dr. Nusbaum says.