Probiotics and synbiotics (combined prebiotics and probiotics) are now being used to prevent and treat chronic diseases, due to their role in immune system modulation and the anti-inflammatory response. Probiotic strains have been found to reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. When administered to animal patients, probiotics were shown to improve clinical symptoms, histological alterations, and mucus production.One study has also suggested that probiotics may be able to reduce inflammation and improve immune health in HIV-positive individuals who are yet to undergo treatment.
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