Limited studies and individual case reports in humans found that a ketogenic diet may help improve a patient’s response to radiation and chemotherapy while he or she undergoes these treatments. A long list of potential side effects accompany a ketogenic diet, especially in children but also in adults. These include nausea and vomiting, hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), mineral deficiency and bone loss, kidney damage and stones, and increased blood cholesterol. For these reasons, a ketogenic diet should only be followed if it's medically prescribed and supervised.