The Waters of Euphrates and Tigris

On the alluvial plain, south of the Iraqi towns of Sāmarrāʾ and Al-Ramādī, both rivers have undergone major shifts throughout the millennia, some as a consequence of human intervention. The 7,000 years of irrigation farming on the alluvium have created a complex landscape of natural levees, fossil meanders, abandoned canal systems, and thousands of ancient settlement sites.