Furthermore, Iran was also affected by external forces, such as foreign interference and colonialism. The Qajar rulers were unable to resist the encroachment of foreign powers, particularly Russia and Britain, who exploited Iran's resources and economy for their own benefit. This led to unequal treaties and concessions that further weakened the Iranian economy. Additionally, the decline of the Iranian economy during the Qajar dynasty can also be attributed to the shift from a predominantly agrarian economy to a more commercial and industrial-based economy.
