This has led to widespread bribery, embezzlement, and kickbacks in virtually every sector of the economy, from construction and energy to healthcare and education. Another contributing factor to corruption in Iran is the lack of transparency and accountability in government institutions, which has allowed officials to act with impunity. The judiciary, for example, is known for its lack of independence and susceptibility to political pressure, making it difficult to prosecute corrupt officials. In addition, there is a lack of whistleblower protection laws, which discourages individuals from reporting corruption for fear of retaliation.
