Fasting has also been shown to increase levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a protein that plays a key role in neuronal growth and repair. Anti-aging effects: In addition to extending lifespan, fasting may also have anti-aging effects. Research has shown that fasting can help protect against age-related diseases and slow the aging process at the cellular level. For example, fasting has been found to reduce oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage, all of which are important factors in aging.