The Iran-Iraq War, which lasted from 1980 to 1988, was one of the longest and bloodiest conflicts in the history of the Middle East. The war, which pitted the Islamic Republic of Iran against the Baathist regime of Iraq, resulted in an estimated one million casualties and had a profound impact on both countries and the broader region. The roots of the Iran-Iraq War can be traced back to a number of factors, including territorial disputes, religious differences, and political rivalries. One of the primary causes of the conflict was the longstanding border dispute between Iran and Iraq over the Shatt al-Arab waterway, which served as the boundary between the two countries. Both Iran and Iraq claimed sovereignty over the waterway, leading to tensions and occasional skirmishes.
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