The Rise and Fall of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi: How the Last Monarch of Iran Shaped a Nation Amidst Modernization and Turmoil

Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi, born on October 27, 1919, in Tehran, Iran, was the last Shah of the Pahlavi dynasty. His reign, which began in 1941 after the abdication of his father, Reza Shah Pahlavi, lasted until 1979. The Shah played a pivotal role in shaping modern Iran, both politically and socially, while also facing immense challenges throughout his rule.