The Rise and Fall of Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi: How the Last Monarch of Iran Shaped a Nation Amidst Modernization and Turmoil

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini emerged as a key figure leading opposition to the Shah, advocating for an Islamic government based on Shia principles. His charismatic leadership galvanized disparate groups, uniting them against the perceived failings of the monarchy. The opposition grew stronger, culminating in widespread demonstrations across Iran.