The end of the war in 1988 brought a cessation of hostilities, but it did not resolve the intrinsic issues facing Iranian society. Upon ceasing fire, the government was forced to reckon with the war’s aftermath, including the toll it took on the economy and the psychological scars borne by the population. The post-war environment invited new discussions about governance, national identity, and the role of civil society, although the regime remained wary of any potential dissent.