How Did Women Navigate Social Constraints and Assert Their Agency During the Qajar Era in Iran?

The Qajar era, spanning from the late 18th century to the early 20th century, was a transformative period for Iran, marked by significant social, political, and cultural changes. Women during this time navigated a complex landscape influenced by the interplay of tradition, modernization, and foreign influence. Their roles were often defined by societal norms, yet many women found ways to assert their agency within the constraints of the Qajar society.