Challenges to Bashar al-Assad's Rule: Factors Contributing to Instability in Syria During the Civil War

Human rights abuses committed by the Assad regime during the conflict drew widespread condemnation from the international community. Reports of torture, indiscriminate bombings of civilian areas, and the use of chemical weapons led to calls for accountability. The regime's refusal to engage in meaningful dialogue with opposition groups and its reliance on brute force further eroded its legitimacy both domestically and internationally.