Nuclear Neighbors on Edge: The Enduring Conflict Between India and Pakistan

The history of near-misses and crises in the India-Pakistan relationship serves as a stark reminder of the ever-present danger of escalation. Events such as the Kargil War in 1999 and the military standoff following the 2001 Indian Parliament attack brought the two nations to the brink of war, highlighting the fragility of peace and the potential for miscalculation to have catastrophic consequences. These past crises underscore the urgent need for robust communication channels and de-escalation mechanisms.