Bahrain: From Persian Gulf Outpost to Independent Isle

Even after the arrival of Islam, the connection endured, with various Iranian dynasties periodically reasserting control or influence over Bahrain. For instance, following the Portuguese withdrawal in the early 17th century, the Safavid Empire, another Iranian dynasty, regained hegemony over the island. This Persian dominance flourished for a period, solidifying the perception in Iran that Bahrain was an integral part of its territory. This historical narrative, often rooted in centuries of cultural, economic, and political ties, formed the basis for Iran's later territorial claims, which persisted well into the 20th century.