Israel's Intelligence Operations Against Iran

The long-standing and often covert conflict between Israel and Iran has been significantly characterized by an intense intelligence war, in which Israel's intelligence agencies, particularly the Mossad, are widely believed to have achieved a considerable upper hand. This perceived dominance stems from a sophisticated blend of human intelligence (HUMINT) cultivation, technological prowess in cyber and signals intelligence (SIGINT), and an unyielding strategic focus that has allowed Israel to consistently penetrate Iranian security and undermine its sensitive programs, most notably its nuclear ambitions. The sheer scale and depth of these operations suggest a methodical approach, built over decades, to understand, exploit, and disrupt Iranian capabilities from within.