Iran-Israel War: A New Era of Direct Confrontation in the Middle East

Israel, in turn, has responded with its own covert operations, including alleged assassinations of Iranian nuclear scientists, cyberattacks on Iranian infrastructure, and airstrikes against Iranian assets and allies in Syria. The 2006 Lebanon War, involving Israel and Hezbollah, and multiple conflicts in Gaza between Israel and Hamas, have been significant manifestations of this proxy conflict, with Iran's fingerprints often discernible in the background.