Iran-Israel War: A New Era of Direct Confrontation in the Middle East

The immediate trigger for the June 2025 war appears to have been the International Atomic Energy Agency's (IAEA) resolution on June 12, 2025, which declared Iran non-compliant with its nuclear obligations. The following day, June 13, Israel launched its "precise, preemptive strike" against Iran, targeting dozens of Iranian nuclear facilities, military bases, infrastructure installations, and key military commanders.