Beyond the Surface: Why Cities Invest Billions in Subways to Solve Congestion, Climate, and Land Use Crises

For large cities with immense populations, the metro offers unparalleled resilience against weather and events. Being protected from snow, ice, extreme heat, and surface-level accidents, the underground system remains operational when roads and surface transport networks collapse, ensuring that the city's critical workforce can still move and the core functions of the economy can be maintained.