Beyond the Surface: Why Cities Invest Billions in Subways to Solve Congestion, Climate, and Land Use Crises

Furthermore, underground lines are pivotal in promoting Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). Since the tracks are hidden, the land immediately surrounding the stations retains its full value and becomes highly desirable for dense commercial and residential construction. This maximizes land use, concentrates population near transit access points, and creates walkable, vibrant neighborhoods, simultaneously increasing the ridership base for the metro itself.