Beyond the Surface: Why Cities Invest Billions in Subways to Solve Congestion, Climate, and Land Use Crises

From a social perspective, the metro system is a great leveler, ensuring equitable and inclusive mobility. It provides reliable access to employment, education, and healthcare for all residents, especially those who cannot afford or choose not to own a private vehicle. This democratizing access to opportunity helps to alleviate poverty traps and ensures that economic participation is not restricted to those with specialized means of transport.