Permit Dodgers Expose Cities to Seismic Risk and Infrastructure Strain

Furthermore, the acute housing crisis and urban migration contribute significantly to this problem, leading to the rapid and often chaotic expansion of marginalized, non-formal settlements and suburban areas. In major metropolitan centers, the urgent need for shelter, particularly among vulnerable populations, compels people to build quickly on unsuitable land, outside official urban boundaries, or without adhering to safety and planning regulations, directly fueling the expansion of informal settlements