Permit Dodgers Expose Cities to Seismic Risk and Infrastructure Strain

The calculation of the financial fine is generally based on a specific formula, typically involving a multiplier applied to the commercial value of the land or the transactional value of the building. Although the fines have been periodically adjusted and increased in recent years to enhance their deterrent effect, their overall impact remains questionable in the face of soaring property speculation and the massive profit margins associated with illegal density increases.