

These images provided undeniable proof of the squalor facing the immigrant working class. Similarly, Lewis Hine’s portraits of children working in coal mines and textile mills were so haunting and indisputable that they became the primary catalysts for the passage of child labor laws.The evolution of the camera also served as a powerful tool for the democratization of memory. For millennia, having a likeness recorded was a luxury reserved for the aristocracy and the church. The invention of the daguerreotype, followed by the affordable Kodak Brownie, moved the historical record from the palace to the parlor. Personal histories were no longer dependent on oral tradition alone; they became physical artifacts.