However, the city's growth was not without its challenges. Rapid urbanization led to overcrowding, pollution, and social inequality. In recent decades, Tehran has faced issues such as traffic congestion, air pollution, and lack of affordable housing. Despite these challenges, the city continues to thrive as a vibrant and dynamic metropolis, with a rich cultural heritage and a diverse population. Today, Tehran is a bustling cosmopolitan city that serves as the political, economic, and cultural heart of Iran. Its rich history and unique blend of ancient traditions and modern influences make it a truly fascinating place to explore. As the city continues to evolve and grow, its story remains an integral part of Iran's past, present, and future.