Mohsen Tanabandeh, a prominent Iranian actor and director, mourned his nephew

Beyond conventional and proxy warfare, the conflict has increasingly spilled into the cyber realm. Both Israel and Iran are sophisticated cyber actors, regularly engaging in cyberattacks against each other's critical infrastructure, government systems, and strategic targets. These digital skirmishes aim to disrupt, gather intelligence, and sow chaos, adding another layer of complexity and unpredictability to an already volatile relationship, often operating in the shadows with attribution remaining a challenge.