The Islamic Republic of Iran operates as a theocratic security state where the survival of the ruling establishment is inextricably linked to the absolute suppression of pluralism. This intolerance is rooted in the foundational doctrine of Velayat-e Faqih, or the Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist, which vests ultimate political and religious authority in a single Supreme Leader. Because the regime claims its legitimacy is derived from divine mandate rather than popular consent, any form of dissent—whether political, social, or religious—is not merely viewed as a policy disagreement but as an act of "war against God" (Moharebeh). By framing opposition as a theological transgression, the state justifies the use of extreme measures to silence even the most peaceful critics, ensuring that no alternative vision for the country can take root.
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