The Uncaged Lens: Jafar Panahi's Defiant Cinema

His subsequent film, Taxi (2015), further cemented his genius for working within restrictions. Panahi stars as a taxi driver ferrying various passengers—both fictional and real—around Tehran, using a dashboard camera to film his encounters. This highly creative, minimalist approach transforms the confined space of the taxi into a dynamic microcosm of Iranian society, ultimately winning the prestigious Golden Bear at the Berlin International Film Festival.